In addition to some traditional network techniques, new network architectures that can be used in information and telecommunication operations have also been introduced to the market in response to the growing demand for high-efficiency and safe power systems. Smart grids are the new variations in power systems and the new grid systems that have been introduced as a result. In its most basic form, a “smart grid” is an effort to use new information and telecommunications infrastructures to make today’s electricity systems smarter and simpler to manage. Electrical systems and system data can be continuously monitored with the new techniques provided by smart grid systems. Operators will learn more about network structures in the light of the data and analysis these provide, be able to easily communicate with other operators when necessary, and provide the most accurate inferences for system reliability and stability. Smart Grid Buildings

Monitoring, communication, and control are the three main structural components of smart grids. The monitoring component makes it possible to continuously monitor variables that affect the system’s condition, such as voltage and phase angle, because measuring devices are installed in strategic locations throughout the network. This section includes tools for assessing the overall health of the network system, as well as equipment for spotting system component deterioration and smart electricity meters that show information about which customers’ devices use how much electricity. The establishment and administration of a communication infrastructure between the systemic network and the operators in the center comprise the communication component. In addition to ensuring that the decisions made at the center are translated into specific commands and sent to the system elements, which are then remotely controlled, it also ensures that the information gathered in the network’s monitoring portion is transmitted to the center. Wireless data structures like WiFi, ZigBee, and communication systems over power cables are also planned for use in communication, in addition to wireless communication systems like 3G and 4G. The information sent to the center via the communication part is processed and a decision is made to manage the network using a decision system in the control part. Smart grids’ decision-making process is control. The amount that the system deviates from the desired operating state is determined by the transmission of information to the center, which is made possible by intelligent systems and algorithms. Systemic commands are then transmitted to remove this deviation.

Distributed generation and micro-scale networks are seen as another crucial component of the smart grid system. Large power plants are used in the current electrical network structures to produce electricity. Small- and medium-sized electricity generation systems have become more prevalent as a result of new electricity generation technologies, such as developed solar panels. These small and medium-sized power plants were able to supply electricity to the grid thanks to the smart grid, which increased the amount of electricity produced. These solar-powered systems feed the grid with the excess electricity they generate on their own. In this way, a distributed energy generation structure can be illustrated using medium and large shopping malls, which also serve as small power plants.

Local grids that can generate electricity, albeit to a limited extent, can now connect when necessary and use the power they generate to meet their own needs thanks to micro-grids with distributed generation structures. In the event of widespread network failures or during natural disasters, such distributed systems offer the networks a great deal of flexibility, enabling the neighborhoods to endure such emergency situations for a while thanks to the energy they generate.